THE MODE OF DELIVERY DEFINITION：THE MODE OF DELIVERY BUSINESS AREA DESCRIBES THE MECHANISMS THE GOVERNMENT USES TO ACHIEVE THE PURPOSE OF GOVERNMENT, OR ITS SERVICES FOR CITIZENS. IT INCLUDES FINANCIAL VEHICLES, DIRECT GOVERNMENT DELIVERY, AND INDIRECT GOVERNMENT DELIVERY.

20.GOVERNMENT SERVICE DELIVERY-Government Service Delivery includes all modes of delivery in which government employees (or contracted employees) perform tasks that directly support the improvement of a Service for Citizen as defined in the BRM. This does not include the management of processes in which federal funds are distributed or federal credit and insurance programs are leveraged to promote Services for Citizens (these are included in the Financial Vehicles Mode of Delivery).

21.KNOWLEDGE CREATION AND MANAGEMENT - Knowledge Creation and Management involves the programs and activities in which the Federal Government creates or develops a body or set of knowledge, the manipulation and analysis of which can provide inherent benefits for both the Federal and private sector.

21.1 Research and Development- Research and Development involves the gathering and analysis of data, dissemination of results, and development of new products, methodologies, and ideas. General Purpose Data and Statistics - General Purpose Data and Statistics includes activities performed in providing empirical, numerical, and related data and information pertaining to the current state of the nation in areas such as the economy, labor, weather, international trade, etc.

21.2 Advising and Consulting- Advising and Consulting involves the guidance and consultative services provided by the Federal Government to support the implementation of a specific Service for Citizen.

21.3 Knowledge Dissemination - Knowledge Dissemination addresses those instances where the primary method used in delivering a service is through the publishing or broadcasting of information, such as the Voice of America or web-based museums maintained by the Smithsonian. It is not intended to address circumstances where the publication of information is a by-product of the actual mode of delivery. For example, an agency might perform research (the mode of delivery) addressing a particular service for citizen (for example environmental management) and as a result publish a report on the findings. In this instance, the research would be the mode of delivery and publishing the report would be a Support Delivery of Service.

22.PUBLIC GOODS CREATION & MANAGEMENT - The construction, manufacturing, administration, and/or management of goods, structures, facilities, common resources, etc. used for the general well being of the American public or society at large.
Manufacturing- Manufacturing involves all programs and activities in which the Federal Government produces both marketable and non-marketable goods.

22.1 Construction- Construction involves all programs and activities in which the Federal Government builds or constructs facilities, roads, dams, etc.

22.2 Public Resources, Facilities, & Infrastructure Management- Public Resources, Facilities & Infrastructure Management involves the management and maintenance of Government-owned capital goods and resources (natural or otherwise) on behalf of the public, usually with benefits to the community at large as well as to the direct user. Examples of facilities and infrastructure include schools, roads, bridges, dams, harbors, and public buildings. Examples of resources include parks, cultural artifacts and art, endangered species, oil reserves, etc.

22.3 Information Infrastructure Management- Information Infrastructure Management involves the management and stewardship of a type of information by the Federal Government and/or the creation of physical communication infrastructures on behalf of the public in order to facilitate communication. This includes the management of large amounts of information (e.g., environmental and weather data, criminal records, etc.), the creation of information and data standards relating to a specific type of information (patient records), and the creation and management of physical communication infrastructures (networks) on behalf of the public. Note: Information infrastructures for government use are not included here.

23.REGULATORY COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT- Regulatory Compliance and Enforcement involves the direct monitoring and oversight of a specific individual, group, industry, or community participating in a regulated activity via market mechanisms, command and control features, or other means to control or govern conduct or behavior.

23.1 Inspections & Auditing - Inspections and Auditing involves the methodical examination and review of regulated activities to ensure compliance with standards for regulated activity.

23.2 Standard Setting / Reporting Guideline Development - Standard Setting/Reporting Guideline Development involves the establishment of allowable limits associated with a regulated activity and the development of reporting requirements necessary to monitor and control compliance with allowable limits. This includes the development of requirements for product sampling and testing, emissions monitoring and control, incident reporting, financial filings, etc.

23.3 Permits and Licensing - Permits and Licensing involves activities associated with granting, revoking, and the overall management of the documented authority necessary to perform a regulated task or function.

24.DIRECT SERVICES FOR CITIZENS-The delivery of a good or service to (or on behalf of) the citizenry by the Federal Government with no other intervening persons, conditions, or organizations.

24.1 Military Operations- TBD

24.2 Civilian Operations- Civilian Operations describes the direct provision of a non-military service for the citizen by government employees.

25.FINANCIAL VEHICLES-Financial Vehicles involve those monetary exchanges or transactions between Federal Government entities as well as between the Federal Government and non-Federal entities as a means to accomplishing a Federal goal or objective.

26.FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE- The provision of earned and unearned financial or monetary-like benefits to individuals, groups, or corporations

26.1 Federal Grants (Non-State)- Federal Grants involve the disbursement of funds by the Federal Government to a non-Federal entity to help fund projects or activities. This includes the processes associated with grant administration, including the publication of funds availability notices, development of the grant application guidance, determination of grantee eligibility, coordination of the peer review/evaluation process for competitive grants, the transfer of funds, and the monitoring/oversight as appropriate.

26.2 Direct Transfers to Individuals- Direct Transfers to Individuals involves the disbursement of funds from the Federal Government directly to beneficiaries (individuals or organizations) who satisfy Federal eligibility requirements with no restrictions imposed on the recipient as to how the money is spent. Direct Transfers include both earned and unearned Federal Entitlement programs such as Medicare, Social Security, unemployment benefits, etc.

26.3 Subsidies- Subsidies involve Federal Government financial transfers that reduce costs and/or increase revenues of producers.

26.4 Tax Credits -Tax Credits allow a special exclusion, exemption, or deduction from gross income or which provide a special credit, a preferential rate of tax, or a deferral of tax liability designed to encourage certain kinds of activities or to aid taxpayers in special circumstances.

27.TRANSFERS TO STATES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS- Transfers to States and Local Governments involves the transfer of funds or financial assistance from the Federal government to State and Local governments and Indian tribes.

27.1 Formula Grants - Formula Grants involves the allocation of money to States or their subdivisions in accordance with distribution formulas prescribed by law or administrative regulation, for activities of a continuing nature.

27.2 Project/Competitive Grants - Project/Competitive Grants involves the funding, for fixed or known periods, of projects. Project/Competitive grants can include fellowships, scholarships, research grants, training grants, traineeships, experimental and demonstration grants, evaluation grants, planning grants, technical assistance grants, survey grants, and construction grants.

27.3 Earmarked Grants - Earmarked Grants involves the distribution of money to State and Local Governments for a named purpose or service usually specifically noted by Congress in appropriations language, or other program authorizing language.

27.4 State Loans- State Loans involve all disbursement of funds by the Government to a State or Local Government (or Indian Tribe) entity under a contract that requires the repayment of such funds with or without interest.

28.CREDIT AND INSURANCE - Credit and Insurance involves the use of government funds to cover the subsidy cost of a direct loan or loan guarantee or to protect/indemnify members of the public from financial losses.

28.1 General Insurance- General Insurance involves providing protection to individuals or entities against specified risks. The specified protection generally involves risks that private sector entities are unable or unwilling to assume or subsidize and where the provision of insurance is necessary to achieve social objectives.

28.2 Loan Guarantees- Loan guarantees involve any guarantee, insurance, or other pledge with respect to the payment of all or a part of the principal or interest on any debt obligation of a non-Federal borrower to a non-Federal lender, but does not include the insurance of deposits, shares, or other withdrawable accounts in financial institutions.

28.3 Direct Loans- Direct loans involve a disbursement of funds by the Government to a non-Federal borrower under a contract that requires the repayment of such funds with or without interest.